python序列类

序列

可以通过 collections.abc 观察序列相关的协议和其要实现的方法。

class Sequence(Reversible, Collection):

    """All the operations on a read-only sequence.

    Concrete subclasses must override __new__ or __init__,
    __getitem__, and __len__.
    """

    __slots__ = ()

    @abstractmethod
    def __getitem__(self, index):
        raise IndexError

    def __iter__(self):
        i = 0
        try:
            while True:
                v = self[i]
                yield v
                i += 1
        except IndexError:
            return

    def __contains__(self, value):
        for v in self:
            if v is value or v == value:
                return True
        return False

    def __reversed__(self):
        for i in reversed(range(len(self))):
            yield self[i]

    def index(self, value, start=0, stop=None):
        '''S.index(value, [start, [stop]]) -> integer -- return first index of value.
           Raises ValueError if the value is not present.

           Supporting start and stop arguments is optional, but
           recommended.
        '''
        if start is not None and start < 0:
            start = max(len(self) + start, 0)
        if stop is not None and stop < 0:
            stop += len(self)

        i = start
        while stop is None or i < stop:
            try:
                v = self[i]
                if v is value or v == value:
                    return i
            except IndexError:
                break
            i += 1
        raise ValueError

    def count(self, value):
        'S.count(value) -> integer -- return number of occurrences of value'
        return sum(1 for v in self if v is value or v == value)

class Reversible(Iterable):

    __slots__ = ()

    @abstractmethod
    def __reversed__(self):
        while False:
            yield None

    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
        if cls is Reversible:
            return _check_methods(C, "__reversed__", "__iter__")
        return NotImplemented

class Collection(Sized, Iterable, Container):

    __slots__ = ()

    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
        if cls is Collection:
            return _check_methods(C,  "__len__", "__iter__", "__contains__")
        return NotImplemented

class Sized(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    __slots__ = ()

    @abstractmethod
    def __len__(self):
        return 0

    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
        if cls is Sized:
            return _check_methods(C, "__len__")
        return NotImplemented

class Iterable(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    __slots__ = ()

    @abstractmethod
    def __iter__(self):
        while False:
            yield None

    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
        if cls is Iterable:
            return _check_methods(C, "__iter__")
        return NotImplemented

class Container(metaclass=ABCMeta):

    __slots__ = ()

    @abstractmethod
    def __contains__(self, x):
        return False

    @classmethod
    def __subclasshook__(cls, C):
        if cls is Container:
            return _check_methods(C, "__contains__")
        return NotImplemented

如果要实现一个不可变序列的切片，按照上面的协议实现对应魔法函数即可。

import numbers
class Group:
    #支持切片操作
    def __init__(self, group_name, company_name, staffs):
        self.group_name = group_name
        self.company_name = company_name
        self.staffs = staffs

    def __reversed__(self):
        self.staffs.reverse()

    def __getitem__(self, item):
        cls = type(self)
        if isinstance(item, slice):
            return cls(group_name=self.group_name, company_name=self.company_name, staffs=self.staffs[item])
        elif isinstance(item, numbers.Integral):
            return cls(group_name=self.group_name, company_name=self.company_name, staffs=[self.staffs[item]])

    def __len__(self):
        return len(self.staffs)

    def __iter__(self):
        return iter(self.staffs)

    def __contains__(self, item):
        if item in self.staffs:
            return True
        else:
            return False

staffs = ["bobby1", "imooc", "bobby2", "bobby3"]
group = Group(company_name="imooc", group_name="user", staffs=staffs)
reversed(group)
for user in group:
    print(user)

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