python元编程

getattr

‘getattr‘ 就是在查找不到属性的时候调用

#__getattr__, __getattribute__

from datetime import date
class User:
    def __init__(self,info={}):
        self.info = info

    def __getattr__(self, item):
        return self.info[item]

    # def __getattribute__(self, item):
    #     return "bobby"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    user = User(info={"company_name":"imooc", "name":"bobby"})
    print(user.test)

getattribute

所有属性访问入口，控制整个类实例过程。

descriptor

执行顺序：

如果user是某个类的实例，那么user.age（以及等价的getattr(user,’age’)）
首先调用__getattribute__。如果类定义了__getattr__方法，
那么在__getattribute__抛出 AttributeError 的时候就会调用到__getattr__，
而对于描述符(__get__）的调用，则是发生在__getattribute__内部的。
user = User(), 那么user.age 顺序如下：

（1）如果“age”是出现在User或其基类的__dict__中， 且age是data descriptor， 那么调用其__get__方法, 否则

（2）如果“age”出现在user的__dict__中， 那么直接返回 obj.__dict__[‘age’]， 否则

（3）如果“age”出现在User或其基类的__dict__中

（3.1）如果age是non-data descriptor，那么调用其__get__方法， 否则

（3.2）返回 __dict__[‘age’]

（4）如果User有__getattr__方法，调用__getattr__方法，否则

（5）抛出AttributeError

new vs init

new 是用来控制对象的生成过程， 在对象生成之前
init是用来完善对象的

type动态创建类

type： 创建类的类
第一个参数，继承自哪里，若继承obj则（）
第二个参数，传入的方法或者属性。
User = type(“User”, (), {})

class MetaClass(type):
    def __new__(cls, *args, **kwargs):
        return super().__new__(cls, *args, **kwargs)

from collections.abc import *

#什么是元类， 元类是创建类的类 对象<-class(对象)<-type
class User(metaclass=MetaClass):
    def __init__(self, name):
        self.name = name
    def __str__(self):
        return "user"

if __name__ == "__main__":
    User = type("User", (BaseClass, ), {"name":"user", "say":say})

simple orm

# 需求
import numbers


class Field:
    pass

class IntField(Field):
    # 数据描述符
    def __init__(self, db_column, min_value=None, max_value=None):
        self._value = None
        self.min_value = min_value
        self.max_value = max_value
        self.db_column = db_column
        if min_value is not None:
            if not isinstance(min_value, numbers.Integral):
                raise ValueError("min_value must be int")
            elif min_value < 0:
                raise ValueError("min_value must be positive int")
        if max_value is not None:
            if not isinstance(max_value, numbers.Integral):
                raise ValueError("max_value must be int")
            elif max_value < 0:
                raise ValueError("max_value must be positive int")
        if min_value is not None and max_value is not None:
            if min_value > max_value:
                raise ValueError("min_value must be smaller than max_value")

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self._value

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if not isinstance(value, numbers.Integral):
            raise ValueError("int value need")
        if value < self.min_value or value > self.max_value:
            raise ValueError("value must between min_value and max_value")
        self._value = value


class CharField(Field):
    def __init__(self, db_column, max_length=None):
        self._value = None
        self.db_column = db_column
        if max_length is None:
            raise ValueError("you must spcify max_lenth for charfiled")
        self.max_length = max_length

    def __get__(self, instance, owner):
        return self._value

    def __set__(self, instance, value):
        if not isinstance(value, str):
            raise ValueError("string value need")
        if len(value) > self.max_length:
            raise ValueError("value len excess len of max_length")
        self._value = value


class ModelMetaClass(type):
    def __new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kwargs):
        if name == "BaseModel":
            return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kwargs)
        fields = {}
        for key, value in attrs.items():
            if isinstance(value, Field):
                fields[key] = value
        attrs_meta = attrs.get("Meta", None)
        _meta = {}
        db_table = name.lower()
        if attrs_meta is not None:
            table = getattr(attrs_meta, "db_table", None)
            if table is not None:
                db_table = table
        _meta["db_table"] = db_table
        attrs["_meta"] = _meta
        attrs["fields"] = fields
        del attrs["Meta"]
        return super().__new__(cls, name, bases, attrs, **kwargs)


class BaseModel(metaclass=ModelMetaClass):
    def __init__(self, *args, **kwargs):
        for key, value in kwargs.items():
            setattr(self, key, value)
        return super().__init__()

    def save(self):
        fields = []
        values = []
        for key, value in self.fields.items():
            db_column = value.db_column
            if db_column is None:
                db_column = key.lower()
            fields.append(db_column)
            value = getattr(self, key)
            values.append(str(value))

        sql = "insert {db_table}({fields}) value({values})".format(db_table=self._meta["db_table"],
                                                                   fields=",".join(fields), values=",".join(values))
        pass

class User(BaseModel):
    name = CharField(db_column="name", max_length=10)
    age = IntField(db_column="age", min_value=1, max_value=100)

    class Meta:
        db_table = "user"


if __name__ == "__main__":
    user = User(name="bobby", age=28)
    # user.name = "bobby"
    # user.age = 28
    user.save()

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